经皮对比增强超声在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结术前定位及转移风险评估中的临床应用价值

目的探讨经皮注射对比增强超声(CEUS)在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)术前定位及转移风险评估中的临床应用价值。 方法根据纳入及排除标准，选择2019年5～9月在江苏大学附属人民医院乳腺外科行手术治疗的21例女性乳腺癌患者进行前瞻性研究。术前根据经皮CEUS示踪结果，在皮肤表面标记SLN位置及数目，根据其增强模式评估SLN转移风险，并在术中联合亚甲蓝共同确认SLN的位置及数目。以亚甲蓝染色的病理检查结果为金标准，计算经皮CEUS预测SLN状态的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率。用Kappa一致性检验分析CEUS与SLN常规病理检查结果的一致性及2名超声科医师对SLN增强模式判读的一致性。用Fisher精确概率法分析不同临床病理特征患者CEUS评估SLN结果的差异。 结果21例患者中，经皮CEUS共检出32枚SLN，亚甲蓝染色共检出71枚。经皮CEUS体表定位的SLN均为术中亚甲蓝染色的SLN,患者经皮CEUS检出(1.6±0.9)枚SLN,低于亚甲蓝染色检出的(3.4±1.4)枚(t＝5.017, P<0.001)。CEUS预测SLN转移风险：判定有SLN转移患者9例(病理证实SLN有转移7例，无转移2例)，判定无转移患者12例(病理证实SLN无转移11例，有转移1例)。CEUS评估SLN状态的敏感度7/8，特异度11/13，阳性预测值7/9，阴性预测值11/12，准确率85.7%(18/21)。CEUS与病理诊断结果具有较高一致性(Kappa ＝0.704，P＝0.001)。2名超声科医师对CEUS中32枚SLN增强模式的判读结果一致性较好(Kappa＝0.829，P<0.001)。不同组织学分级的患者，其CEUS预测结果比较，差异有统计学意义(P＝0.046)。 结论经皮CEUS是乳腺癌患者SLN术前定位及转移风险评估的一种有效方法。     

B7-H4及Fas、FasL与宫颈癌免疫逃逸机制的关系

目的:检测免疫共刺激分子B7-H4及Fas、FasL在不同宫颈组织中的表达，研究三者的异常表达与宫颈癌免疫逃逸机制的关系。方法:选择陕西省肿瘤医院病理科2014-2018年的石蜡包埋标本162例，采用免疫组织化学方法检测20例正常宫颈、30例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)和112例I期-IV期宫颈癌组织中B7-H4及Fas、FasL的表达水平。结果:B7-H4在正常宫颈组、CIN组、宫颈癌组的阳性表达率分别为0、20.0%、47.32%，两两相比，具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。在112例宫颈癌病例中FIGO临床分期I期至IV期各期别宫颈癌组织B7-H4的阳表达率分别为16.67%、43.18%、70.83%、85.71%，各组间相比差异具有统计学意义。正常对照组Fas的阳性表达率是85.00％，CIN组43.33％，宫颈癌组41.96％，正常组与CIN、正常组与宫颈癌组相比差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），CIN组与宫颈癌组相比，无明显差异（P>0.05）。FasL的阳性表达率在正常组为20.00%，CIN组为50.00%，宫颈癌组为56.25%，正常组与CIN、宫颈癌组比较，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)，CIN组与宫颈癌组比较无显著差异;B7-H4阳性宫颈癌组Fas阳性表达率28.30%明显较B7-H4阴性宫颈癌组Fas阳性表达率54.24%低，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；而B7-H4阳性宫颈癌组FasL阳性表达率79.25%明显高于B7-H4阴性宫颈癌组FasL阳性表达率35.59%，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:负性免疫共刺激分子B7-H4和Fas、FasL凋亡蛋白在宫颈癌的发生、进展中起到了重要作用，其协同作用可能为宫颈癌细胞逃逸机体免疫的机制之一。     

Glutathione S-transferase Polymorphisms in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy

Background/Aim: The Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Polymorphisms involved in these enzymes can modulate the development and treatment of head and neck cancer. To investigate the association of GSTs polymorphisms with head and neck cancer and risk factors, clinical-pathological features, and survival time of the patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Methods: The GST gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 197 cases and 514 controls by PCR-RFLP-Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Results: The GSTP-313 was associated with a decreased risk for HNSCC (p=0.050). The GSTP1 haplotype analysis revealed a higher frequency of the AC and AT haplotypes in the case group than in the control group (p=0.013 and p=0.019, respectively), and the opposite for G-C haplotype (p = 0.015). Yet, the different combinations between the genotypes were associated with an increased risk of cancer. The study showed no association between the polymorphisms and primary tumor site, clinical-pathological characteristics, treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) and survival time of the patients. Conclusion: The GST polymorphisms combination showed an increased risk for carcinogenesis, and studies with larger casuistry can contribute to the clarification of the role in individual patient differences for the response to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and identify biomarkers of susceptibility.     

米非司酮联合宫瘤消胶囊对子宫肌瘤治疗效果

目的分析米非司酮和宫瘤消胶囊的联合应用对子宫肌瘤的临床治疗效果。方法本研究对象为80例子宫肌瘤患者,收治时间均在2017年3月—2018年3月期间。将上述子宫肌瘤患者随机分成两组,各40例。给予对照组患者口服米非司酮进行治疗,研究组患者在上述治疗的基础上增加宫瘤消胶囊口服治疗,记录2组患者治疗效果,性激素水平及子宫体积及肿瘤体积变化。结果(1)研究组患者的总体有效率显著高于对照组;(2)研究组患者的P、E2、LH及FSH均显著低于对照组;(3)研究组患者子宫体积及肿瘤体积均显著低于对照组。结论米非司酮片和宫瘤消胶囊的联合治疗对子宫肌瘤患者的治疗效果较显著。     

Rare patients in routine care: Treatment and outcome in advanced papillary renal cell carcinoma in the prospective German clinical RCC-Registry

Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a very rare malignancy that includes several histological subtypes. Each subtype may need to be addressed separately regarding prognosis and treatment; however, no Phase III clinical trial data exist. Thus, treatment recommendations for patients with non-clear cell metastatic RCC (mRCC) remain unclear. We present first prospective data on choice of first- and second-line treatment in routine practice and outcome of patients with papillary mRCC. From the prospective German clinical cohort study (RCC-Registry), 99 patients with papillary mRCC treated with systemic first-line therapy between December 2007 and May 2017 were included. Prospectively enrolled patients who had started first-line treatment until May 15, 2016, were included into the outcome analyses (n = 82). Treatment was similar to therapies used for clear cell mRCC and consisted of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors and recently checkpoint inhibitors. Median progression-free survival from start of first-line treatment was 5.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1–9.2) and median overall survival was 12.0 months (95% CI, 8.1–20.0). At data cutoff, 73% of the patients died, 6% were still observed, 12% were lost to follow-up, and 9% were alive at the end of the individual 3-year observation period. Despite the lack of prospective Phase III evidence in patients with papillary mRCC, our real-world data reveal effectiveness of systemic clear cell mRCC therapy in papillary mRCC. The prognosis seems to be inferior for papillary compared to clear cell mRCC. Further studies are needed to identify drivers of effectiveness of systemic therapy for papillary mRCC.     

范金茹教授治疗颈性眩晕经验举隅

范金茹教授为首批全国优秀中医临床人才,在诊治眩晕类疾病方面积累了丰富经验。颈性眩晕多表现为眩晕、头颈部疼痛、恶心、呕吐、耳鸣等,严重影响了人们的生活质量。范师认为颈性眩晕为本虚标实之证,病位在头颈,肝肾亏虚为本,病性因素多为痰瘀。强调分急性期、缓解期治疗,注重气之升降--引痰饮血瘀下行而出,津气上行以荣脑。自拟颈痹眩晕方,为升降散合泽泻汤加减而成,组方精当,临床运用每获良效。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤诊疗及进展

胰腺囊性肿瘤(PCNs)是少见肿瘤，发病原因尚不明确，不良生活习惯（吸烟、饮酒、重咖啡、高脂高蛋白饮食等）、慢性胰腺炎、环境污染因素及遗传因素等是潜在致病因素。PCNs分为浆液性囊性肿瘤（SCN）、黏液性囊性肿瘤（MCN）、胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤(IPMN)和实性假乳头状瘤（SPN）四种类型。发病症状常不典型，早期诊断难。PCNs具有典型影像特点，单个影像检查技术对PCNs的准确性和局限性不同，CT检查在胰腺病变中仍是最基本、最主要的检查方式。MRI对于小的囊性病灶比CT更有优势。超声内镜（EUS）充分结合了内镜和超声检查的优势，与CT、MRI检查相辅相成，同时还可进行细针穿刺取病理及囊液分析。尽管PCNs大部分为良性，但只要达到切除标准，均应推荐患者进行手术治疗，严格遵循PCNs诊治流程，制订个体化PCNs治疗策略，使患者利益最大化。